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Brown Dense The Brown Dense limestone is an informal name used by petroleum geologists for a layer of rock that lies beneath large parts of southern Arkansas and northwest Louisiana. The Brown Dense is a 300- to 500-foot thick interval within organic-rich, fine-grained carbonate rock that comprise the Lower Member of the Smackover Formation.〔Heydari, E. (2011) (''Hydrocarbon potential of the Lower Smackover Formation in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi.'' ) Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. v. 43, no. 5, p. 315.〕〔Anonymous (2011) (Dense Brown. ) Southwestern Energy, Houston, Texas.〕 Within this area, the Lower Smackover Member lies at depths of 8,000 to 10,000 feet beneath the land surface.〔Anderson, E. G. (1979) (''Basic Mesozoic Study in Louisiana, the North Coastal Region, and the Gulf Basin''. ) Folio Series no. 3. Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 58 sheets.〕〔Eversull, L.G. (1984) (''Regional Cross Sections, North Louisiana''. ) Folio Series no. 7. Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 10 sheets.〕 ==Source of Name== The term “Brown Dense” possibly came from a description of the Lower Member of the Smackover Formation by W. B. Weeks.〔Weeks, W.B. (1938) ''South Arkansas stratigraphy with emphasis in the older coastal plain beds.'' American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin. v. 22, no. 8, pp. 953-983.〕 He described it as “gray to brown, dense, cryptocrystalline limestone.” This description incorrectly implied a nonporous, non-permeable unit that lacks any potential for oil and gas production, which has discouraged until recently the exploration for oil and gas in this unit.〔Heydari, E. (2010) ''Hydrocarbon potential of the lower Smackover Formation in the north-central Gulf of Mexico (Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi).'' Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions. v. 60, p. 797.〕
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